Honey bees, like other animals, are divided into a multitude of races. Below is a list of the most common races used for hobby and commercial beekeeping. These varieties, with the exception of German Black and Africanized, are easily obtained by mail in the United States and many other countries. Although races share common traits, you will probably find hives that have their own personalities despite the generic description.
Italian
Apis mellifera ligustica: Originally from the Italian peninsula, this is by far the most popular honey bee. Italian bees are yellow in color, relatively gentle, overwinter well, and build up quickly in spring. They are easily provoked to rob weaker neighboring colonies and sometimes exhaust honey stores rapidly in winter.
Carniolan
Apis mellifera carnica: These bees originated in the Austrian Alps and the Danube Valley. Gray/brown in color, they are extremely gentle, conserve winter food stores well, and build up quickly in spring. Carniolan bees build new combs slowly and swarm frequently.
Caucasian
Apis mellifera caucasica: These bees originated in the Caucasus Mountains between the Black and Caspian Seas. They are lead-gray in color, very gentle, and swarm infrequently. Caucasian bees overwinter poorly, build up slowly in spring, are susceptible to Nosema disease, and gum up their hives with propolis.
Russian
Apis mellifera ?: Russian bees resemble the dark Carniolan strain and use less propolis than typical Italian honey bees. They are not prone to sting. The bees show exceptional winter hardiness, small winter cluster, and a high nectar haul per bee. They are more apt to building queen cells throughout the brood season and may have a higher tendency to swarm.
Buckfast
Apis mellifera hybrid: The Buckfast hybrid bee was a honey bee developed by “Brother Adam.” The Buckfast bee is popular among beekeepers and is available from bee breeders in several parts of the world. Most of their qualities are very favorable. They are extremely gentle, and some authorities rate them higher than the Italians in most categories. Their main drawbacks are that they have a strong tendency to lock combs together with brace combs, and they are very liberal in their application of propolis to inner surfaces of their hives, thus acting to defeat one of the main purposes of the modern beehive–that combs should be easily removable for inspection.
German Black
Apis mellifera mellifera: Originally from northern Europe, this was the first honey bee brought to the New World. They are brown/black in color and overwinter well. German black bees are nervous, aggressive, and build up slowly in spring.
Africanized
Apis mellifera scutellata and its hybrids: These honey bees originated in eastern Africa. In the 1950s, this race was imported to Brazil and began spreading northward. Compared to European races, this bee and its hybrids are extremely defensive, have smaller nests, and swarm more frequently. The first natural colony of Africaized bees in the United States was found in October 1990 near Hidalgo, Texas. Since then, they have been found in New Mexico, Arizona, and
California.
The above has been adapted from A Year in the Life of an Apiary by Keith S. Delaplane from the University of Georgia, with supplemental information added.
Showing posts with label Interesting. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Interesting. Show all posts
Saturday, May 26, 2007
The Benefits Of Using Royal Jelly
When you're ready to indulge yourself in some sort of royal treatment, don't head out to an expensive day spa. Instead, take a moment to learn about the many benefits of Royal Jelly, a product from which people have benefited for centuries. And despite its name, Royal Jelly really is affordable. Before diving right into the benefits of Royal Jelly, it's important to know what it is.
Royal Jelly is a substance that worker bees secrete. Before it was used by people, Royal Jelly was used to encourage and promote the development of a Queen Bee - hence the name, Royal Jelly! Today, bee keepers around the world readily confront the dangers of their profession so that we can reap the benefits of Royal Jelly. Some of these benefits include:
It slows the effects of aging
Royal Jelly is what turns an ordinary bee into a Queen Bee. Since the Queen Bee develops as a result of being fed Royal Jelly and she lives several years longer than worker bees, many people believe that Royal Jelly has ingredients that slow the aging process in people as well. Amino acids are what the body needs to combat the effects of oxidation, a process that damages the cells inside the body. The amino acids found in Royal Jelly help ensure this doesn't happen.
It can be used as a nutritional supplement
Royal Jelly contains many important vitamins such the B vitamins as well as vitamins A, K, D, C and E, and 12 essential minerals including calcium, zinc, magnesium and potassium. Since most of us fail to get the necessary daily requirements of vitamins and minerals from our diets, taking Royal Jelly can help balance these nutritional deficiencies.
In can help the immune system
Royal Jelly contains a high concentration of amino acids which help keep the immune system functioning optimally. Whether you've got problems with your digestive tract or you want to protect yourself from catching a cold, Royal Jelly can help.
It can help balance a person's moods
People who have suffered from such conditions as depression, anorexia nervosa, shock and even anxiety report that Royal Jelly has helped them recover and resume a normal way of life.
It's thought to be an aphrodisiac
Because Royal Jelly contains so many vitamins, minerals and other beneficial ingredients, it naturally increases the energy levels of those who take it without the energy spikes and falls that sugary foods and caffeinated beverages cause. Those with more energy to burn take much pleasure in the realization that they have far more endurance when involved with one activity in particular - love making!
Other benefits of Royal Jelly
There have also been reports that Royal Jelly has helped tumors shrink, has slowed the rate of hair loss, has helped ease the symptoms of menopause, and has even helped lower the levels of "bad" cholesterol inside the body.
When you consider all the benefits of Royal Jelly, it makes sense to consider indulging in this remarkable, all-natural Royal treatment!
About The Author:
Gray Rollins is a featured writer for BeeCharmersWife, a site about beekeeping, and bee products. To learn more about royal jelly, visit
http://www.beecharmerswife.com/royaljelly/ and http://www.beecharmerswife.com/royaljellyskincare/
Royal Jelly is a substance that worker bees secrete. Before it was used by people, Royal Jelly was used to encourage and promote the development of a Queen Bee - hence the name, Royal Jelly! Today, bee keepers around the world readily confront the dangers of their profession so that we can reap the benefits of Royal Jelly. Some of these benefits include:
It slows the effects of aging
Royal Jelly is what turns an ordinary bee into a Queen Bee. Since the Queen Bee develops as a result of being fed Royal Jelly and she lives several years longer than worker bees, many people believe that Royal Jelly has ingredients that slow the aging process in people as well. Amino acids are what the body needs to combat the effects of oxidation, a process that damages the cells inside the body. The amino acids found in Royal Jelly help ensure this doesn't happen.
It can be used as a nutritional supplement
Royal Jelly contains many important vitamins such the B vitamins as well as vitamins A, K, D, C and E, and 12 essential minerals including calcium, zinc, magnesium and potassium. Since most of us fail to get the necessary daily requirements of vitamins and minerals from our diets, taking Royal Jelly can help balance these nutritional deficiencies.
In can help the immune system
Royal Jelly contains a high concentration of amino acids which help keep the immune system functioning optimally. Whether you've got problems with your digestive tract or you want to protect yourself from catching a cold, Royal Jelly can help.
It can help balance a person's moods
People who have suffered from such conditions as depression, anorexia nervosa, shock and even anxiety report that Royal Jelly has helped them recover and resume a normal way of life.
It's thought to be an aphrodisiac
Because Royal Jelly contains so many vitamins, minerals and other beneficial ingredients, it naturally increases the energy levels of those who take it without the energy spikes and falls that sugary foods and caffeinated beverages cause. Those with more energy to burn take much pleasure in the realization that they have far more endurance when involved with one activity in particular - love making!
Other benefits of Royal Jelly
There have also been reports that Royal Jelly has helped tumors shrink, has slowed the rate of hair loss, has helped ease the symptoms of menopause, and has even helped lower the levels of "bad" cholesterol inside the body.
When you consider all the benefits of Royal Jelly, it makes sense to consider indulging in this remarkable, all-natural Royal treatment!
About The Author:
Gray Rollins is a featured writer for BeeCharmersWife, a site about beekeeping, and bee products. To learn more about royal jelly, visit
http://www.beecharmerswife.com/royaljelly/ and http://www.beecharmerswife.com/royaljellyskincare/
Using Royal Jelly For Skin Care
If you don't know what it is, you might think that Royal Jelly sounds more like something you'd spread on your toast rather than your skin. However the truth is, a lot of people use Royal Jelly as part of their daily skin care routines. Despite its funny-sounding name, Royal Jelly is for real. In fact it's a 100% natural product that is actually derived from the secretions of male worker bees. If you think you'd rather not put something like that onto your skin, I suggest you keep reading.
A Look Inside Royal Jelly
If you were to break Royal Jelly down into its individual components, you would find that it is made up of mostly water (60 - 70%), protein (about 12 - 15 %), and sugar (10 - 16%). The remaining components include fats, salts, amino acids and an abundance of vital minerals and vitamins. In an active bee colony, worker bees feed these rich secretions to bee larvae.
After a few days of giving over their Royal Jelly, the worker bees begin to focus only on the larvae that exhibit the greatest chance of becoming the Queen. Only one will be lucky enough to continue receiving the Royal Jelly and soon will develop into the Queen.
And that is how Royal Jelly got its royal reputation. There are many ways to use Royal Jelly including using it as part of an effective skin care routine. After all, it makes sense that if Royal Jelly can help produce a Queen Bee that is better and stronger than the rest, then anyone who uses Royal Jelly on his or her skin should be able to reap such royal benefits as well!
Some Royal Jelly Skin Care Uses
Readily available from distributors around the world, Royal Jelly comes in capsule and liquid form. It's available as a chewable tablet and also as a powder and an elixir. When Royal Jelly will be used as part of a skin care routine, you need only massage a small amount into the skin. Within seconds, the skin will begin feeling tighter and fine lines and wrinkles will be much less noticeable. You'll feel almost as if you've just had a facelift, except there won't be any pain and you will have spent only a small fraction of the cost!
If you live in a colder, harsher climate, your skin will benefit from a regular Royal Jelly skin care routine. Dry skin looks dull, red and blotchy. It makes a person appear much older that he or she is. Skin that's hydrated appears more vibrant. Royal Jelly's moisturizing qualities give skin a fresh feeling, one that's soft and smooth.
You can easily spend hundreds of dollars on skin care products, but you won't have to if you let Royal Jelly work its magic on your skin. Apply it all over your body - your hands, legs, back, and anywhere your skin needs a bit of help. When you're done, your skin will definitely thank you.
About The Author:
Gray Rollins is a featured writer for BeeCharmersWife, a site about beekeeping, and bee products. To learn more about royal jelly, visit
http://www.beecharmerswife.com/royaljelly/ and http://www.beecharmerswife.com/royaljellyskincare/
A Look Inside Royal Jelly
If you were to break Royal Jelly down into its individual components, you would find that it is made up of mostly water (60 - 70%), protein (about 12 - 15 %), and sugar (10 - 16%). The remaining components include fats, salts, amino acids and an abundance of vital minerals and vitamins. In an active bee colony, worker bees feed these rich secretions to bee larvae.
After a few days of giving over their Royal Jelly, the worker bees begin to focus only on the larvae that exhibit the greatest chance of becoming the Queen. Only one will be lucky enough to continue receiving the Royal Jelly and soon will develop into the Queen.
And that is how Royal Jelly got its royal reputation. There are many ways to use Royal Jelly including using it as part of an effective skin care routine. After all, it makes sense that if Royal Jelly can help produce a Queen Bee that is better and stronger than the rest, then anyone who uses Royal Jelly on his or her skin should be able to reap such royal benefits as well!
Some Royal Jelly Skin Care Uses
Readily available from distributors around the world, Royal Jelly comes in capsule and liquid form. It's available as a chewable tablet and also as a powder and an elixir. When Royal Jelly will be used as part of a skin care routine, you need only massage a small amount into the skin. Within seconds, the skin will begin feeling tighter and fine lines and wrinkles will be much less noticeable. You'll feel almost as if you've just had a facelift, except there won't be any pain and you will have spent only a small fraction of the cost!
If you live in a colder, harsher climate, your skin will benefit from a regular Royal Jelly skin care routine. Dry skin looks dull, red and blotchy. It makes a person appear much older that he or she is. Skin that's hydrated appears more vibrant. Royal Jelly's moisturizing qualities give skin a fresh feeling, one that's soft and smooth.
You can easily spend hundreds of dollars on skin care products, but you won't have to if you let Royal Jelly work its magic on your skin. Apply it all over your body - your hands, legs, back, and anywhere your skin needs a bit of help. When you're done, your skin will definitely thank you.
About The Author:
Gray Rollins is a featured writer for BeeCharmersWife, a site about beekeeping, and bee products. To learn more about royal jelly, visit
http://www.beecharmerswife.com/royaljelly/ and http://www.beecharmerswife.com/royaljellyskincare/
Monday, December 18, 2006
How bees make honey
A forager bee, which is a she bee, travels out of the hive for quite far distances to find and bring back nectar to the hive. After that the forager bee passes the nectar on to a younger bee and then she goes out to look for more nectar.
The younger bee rolls the nectar around and around in its mouth for about 20 minutes. Then they put the nectar in one of the cells made of wax that the bees make.
The nectar is left in the cell because then it can allow water to evaporate, which makes the nectar thicker and more concentrated. When the nectar is thick enough, the worker bee chews the nectar once more so its at the point where it's proper honey.
It then spits the honey into a wax cell, then it is sealed with wax until the honey is needed. Sometimes when you taste honey you can smell a hint of flowers thats because the odor of the flower goes into the nectar.
The forager bee also brings back pollen and water. The pollen gives the bees in the hive energy. All the bees in the colony open the cells and eat some honey from time to time to give them a bit of energy. Pollen is also rich in protein.
At the start of winter, all worker bees die, so every spring the queen bee starts to make a new colony. The queen bee cannot survive without her worker bees to feed and clean her. Hundreds of workers have to survive to look after the queen bee. For this to happen, the honey bee gets nectar in the summer. Honey is important to the bee colony throughout the year. It gives nourishment for the larvae and for the bees that are on duty in the nest.
The Wildlife Fact file says "A worker bee must eat 6 grams of honey to make 1 gram of wax." It also said that "A forager bee will perform a little dance to the other bees to show them where a rich source of honey is, and it may visit up to 1000 flowers before its honeysack is full."
When the worker bee is about 3 weeks old, it flys from the hive to get familiar with the surroundings outside the hive.
A bee's body is hairy. Its two back legs have tiny pollen baskets in them and their two middle legs have stiff hairs on them for brushing the pollen into the little baskets. The middle legs also have a tiny spur for removing wax from the bees underparts. The front legs have a little notch for cleaning the antennae and a tiny comb for cleaning its eyes.
There are all different kinds of honey. There is manuka honey which is full of goodness, and comb honey which still contains the wax cells in it. It is crunchy and also good for you.
So next time you put honey on your bread or toast, give a thought to the honey bee and the work it took to get that honey on to your table.
by Jade Morris
Source: http://wa.essortment.com/beeshoneyhow_rbfw.htm
The younger bee rolls the nectar around and around in its mouth for about 20 minutes. Then they put the nectar in one of the cells made of wax that the bees make.
The nectar is left in the cell because then it can allow water to evaporate, which makes the nectar thicker and more concentrated. When the nectar is thick enough, the worker bee chews the nectar once more so its at the point where it's proper honey.
It then spits the honey into a wax cell, then it is sealed with wax until the honey is needed. Sometimes when you taste honey you can smell a hint of flowers thats because the odor of the flower goes into the nectar.
The forager bee also brings back pollen and water. The pollen gives the bees in the hive energy. All the bees in the colony open the cells and eat some honey from time to time to give them a bit of energy. Pollen is also rich in protein.
At the start of winter, all worker bees die, so every spring the queen bee starts to make a new colony. The queen bee cannot survive without her worker bees to feed and clean her. Hundreds of workers have to survive to look after the queen bee. For this to happen, the honey bee gets nectar in the summer. Honey is important to the bee colony throughout the year. It gives nourishment for the larvae and for the bees that are on duty in the nest.
The Wildlife Fact file says "A worker bee must eat 6 grams of honey to make 1 gram of wax." It also said that "A forager bee will perform a little dance to the other bees to show them where a rich source of honey is, and it may visit up to 1000 flowers before its honeysack is full."
When the worker bee is about 3 weeks old, it flys from the hive to get familiar with the surroundings outside the hive.
A bee's body is hairy. Its two back legs have tiny pollen baskets in them and their two middle legs have stiff hairs on them for brushing the pollen into the little baskets. The middle legs also have a tiny spur for removing wax from the bees underparts. The front legs have a little notch for cleaning the antennae and a tiny comb for cleaning its eyes.
There are all different kinds of honey. There is manuka honey which is full of goodness, and comb honey which still contains the wax cells in it. It is crunchy and also good for you.
So next time you put honey on your bread or toast, give a thought to the honey bee and the work it took to get that honey on to your table.
by Jade Morris
Source: http://wa.essortment.com/beeshoneyhow_rbfw.htm
Monday, November 27, 2006
Bee Propolis
The term "propolis" comes from two Greek words: "pro," which means "before," and "polis," which means "city." This ancient term came into being centuries ago when some early Greek student of Nature established the fact that honeybees use propolis to narrow the opening into their "cities," or hives, to keep out unwelcomed intruders. Many sources attribute the word to Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
What is Propolis ?
Propolis is a sticky resin that seeps from the buds of some trees and oozes from the bark of other trees, chiefly conifers.
The bees gather propolis, sometimes called bee glue, and carry it home in their pollen baskets. They blend it with wax flakes secreted from special glands on their abdomens.
Propolis is used to slickly line the interior of brood cells in preparation for the queen's laying of eggs, a most important procedure. With its antiseptic properties, this propolis lining insures a hospital-clean environment for the rearing of brood.
The Constituents of Propolis
Chemically speaking, propolis is a very complex mixture. Its chemical elements vary according to its source. Colors range from golden brown to brownish green to reddish brown to blackish brown. A broad analysis reveals approximately 55 percent resinous compounds and balsam, 30 percent beeswax, 10 percent ethereal and aromatic oils, and 5 percent bee pollen. Many flavonols contribute to propolis. Other components include cinnamic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, vanillin, caffeic acid, tetochrysin, isalpinin, pinocembrin, chrysin, galangin, and ferulic acid.
The Properties of Propolis
Propolis is another medicinal marvel from the beehive. Research shows it offers antiseptic, antibiotic, antibacterial, antifungal, and even antiviral properties. Propolis is Nature's premiere preventive. It is so powerful in action, it is often called Russian penicillin in acknowledgement of the extensive research the Russians have mounted on this wonder worker from the bees. Propolis demonstrates strong antimicrobial properties against various bacterial and fungal infestations. Even streptococcus bacteria have been shown sensitive to propolis.
Natures's Preventive Medicine
Propolis has been justly called Nature's premier preventive. The immune system is supported and strengthened by the ingestion of propolis. Modern scientific studies indicate that those who take propolis regularly escape winter colds and sore throats and seem to develop a natural immunity to common viruses, including the various strains of flu.
Chemical antibiotics destroy all bacteria in the body, both the friendly, (necessary flora required for healthy functioning in the entire gastrointestinal tract) and the bad intestinal flora. An individual who constantly takes prescribed antibiotics for one condition after another soon learns to his sorrow that the drugs may no longer work as well as they once did. As invading bacteria get "smarter," the drugs become less and less effective.
Propolis, the natural antibiotic, works against harmful bacteria without destroying the friendly bacteria the body needs. Propolis has also been proven effective against strains of bacteria that resist chemical antibiotics.
The field of influence of propolis is extremely broad. It includes cancer, infection of the urinary tract, swelling of the throat, gout, open wounds, sinus congestion, colds, influenza, bronchitis, gastritis, diseases of the ears, periodontal disease, intestinal infections, ulcers, eczema eruptions, pneumonia, arthritis, lung disease, stomach virus, headaches, Parkinson's disease, bile infections, sclerosis, circulation deficiencies, warts, conjunctivitis, and hoarseness.
Propolis helps regulate hormones and is an antibiotic substance that stimulates the natural resistance of the body. Propolis may be used by everyone, sick or healthy, as a means of protection against microorganisms. Propolis is also efficient against conditions caused by bacteria, viruses, or different fungi. Propolis cures many diseases because it is a special natural substance with strong effect.
Use it as part of your daily program of supplementation. It has helped the bee society survive and thrive for over 45 million years. It may well help you survive ... for a long time!
Source: www.draperbee.com
What is Propolis ?
Propolis is a sticky resin that seeps from the buds of some trees and oozes from the bark of other trees, chiefly conifers.
The bees gather propolis, sometimes called bee glue, and carry it home in their pollen baskets. They blend it with wax flakes secreted from special glands on their abdomens.
Propolis is used to slickly line the interior of brood cells in preparation for the queen's laying of eggs, a most important procedure. With its antiseptic properties, this propolis lining insures a hospital-clean environment for the rearing of brood.
The Constituents of Propolis
Chemically speaking, propolis is a very complex mixture. Its chemical elements vary according to its source. Colors range from golden brown to brownish green to reddish brown to blackish brown. A broad analysis reveals approximately 55 percent resinous compounds and balsam, 30 percent beeswax, 10 percent ethereal and aromatic oils, and 5 percent bee pollen. Many flavonols contribute to propolis. Other components include cinnamic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, vanillin, caffeic acid, tetochrysin, isalpinin, pinocembrin, chrysin, galangin, and ferulic acid.
The Properties of Propolis
Propolis is another medicinal marvel from the beehive. Research shows it offers antiseptic, antibiotic, antibacterial, antifungal, and even antiviral properties. Propolis is Nature's premiere preventive. It is so powerful in action, it is often called Russian penicillin in acknowledgement of the extensive research the Russians have mounted on this wonder worker from the bees. Propolis demonstrates strong antimicrobial properties against various bacterial and fungal infestations. Even streptococcus bacteria have been shown sensitive to propolis.
Natures's Preventive Medicine
Propolis has been justly called Nature's premier preventive. The immune system is supported and strengthened by the ingestion of propolis. Modern scientific studies indicate that those who take propolis regularly escape winter colds and sore throats and seem to develop a natural immunity to common viruses, including the various strains of flu.
Chemical antibiotics destroy all bacteria in the body, both the friendly, (necessary flora required for healthy functioning in the entire gastrointestinal tract) and the bad intestinal flora. An individual who constantly takes prescribed antibiotics for one condition after another soon learns to his sorrow that the drugs may no longer work as well as they once did. As invading bacteria get "smarter," the drugs become less and less effective.
Propolis, the natural antibiotic, works against harmful bacteria without destroying the friendly bacteria the body needs. Propolis has also been proven effective against strains of bacteria that resist chemical antibiotics.
The field of influence of propolis is extremely broad. It includes cancer, infection of the urinary tract, swelling of the throat, gout, open wounds, sinus congestion, colds, influenza, bronchitis, gastritis, diseases of the ears, periodontal disease, intestinal infections, ulcers, eczema eruptions, pneumonia, arthritis, lung disease, stomach virus, headaches, Parkinson's disease, bile infections, sclerosis, circulation deficiencies, warts, conjunctivitis, and hoarseness.
Propolis helps regulate hormones and is an antibiotic substance that stimulates the natural resistance of the body. Propolis may be used by everyone, sick or healthy, as a means of protection against microorganisms. Propolis is also efficient against conditions caused by bacteria, viruses, or different fungi. Propolis cures many diseases because it is a special natural substance with strong effect.
Use it as part of your daily program of supplementation. It has helped the bee society survive and thrive for over 45 million years. It may well help you survive ... for a long time!
Source: www.draperbee.com
Thursday, November 16, 2006
History of beekeeping
Beekeeping is one of the oldest forms of food production. Some of the earliest evidence of beekeeping is from rock painting, dating to around 13,000 BC. It was particularly well developed in Egypt and was discussed by the Roman writers Virgil, Gaius Julius Hyginus, Varro, and Columella. A pioneering beekeeping popularizer in the 19th century United States was Amos Root.
Beekeeping was traditionally practiced for the bees' honey harvest, although nowadays crop pollination service can often provide a greater part of a commercial beekeeper's income. Other hive products are pollen, royal jelly, and propolis, which are also used for nutritional and medicinal purposes, and wax which is used in candlemaking, cosmetics, wood polish, and for modelling. The modern use of hive products has changed little since ancient times.
Western honeybees are not native to the Americas. American, Australian, and New Zealand colonists imported honeybees from Europe, partly for honey and partly for their usefulness as pollinators. The first honeybee species imported were likely European dark bees. Later italian bees, carniolan honeybees and caucasian bees were added.
Western honeybees were also brought to the Primorsky Krai in Russia by Ukrainian settlers around 1850s. These Russian honey bees that are similar to the Carniolan bee were imported into the U.S. in 1990. The Russian honeybee has shown to be more resistant to the bee parasites Varroa destructor and Acarapis woodi.
Before the 1980s, most U.S. hobby beekeepers were farmers or relatives of a farmer, lived in rural areas, and kept bees with techniques passed down for generations. The arrival of tracheal mites in the 1980s and varroa mites and small hive beetles in the 1990s led to the discontinuation of the practice by most of these beekeepers as their bees could not survive among these new parasites.
In Asia, other species of Apis exist which are used by local beekeepers for honey and beeswax. Non-Apis species of honeybees, known collectively as stingless bees, have also been kept from antiquity in Australia and Central America, although these traditions are dying, and the trigonine and meliponine species used are endangered.
Source: wikipedia
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